Civil Engineering: Reports

Submitted by :BILAL RIAZ CHUGHTAI.
Group members:BILAL RIAZ CHUGHTAI, MUDASSAR MEHMOOD GHUMMAN, MUHAMMAD SOHAIL SALEH and AOON MUHAMMAD HANIF.
Supervised by: Dr. ATTAULLAH SHAH.

ABSTRACT
plain concrete possess very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking .Internal micro cracks are inherently present in concrete and its poor tensile strength is due to propagation of such micro cracks. Fibres when added in certain percentage in the concrete improve the strain properties well as crack resistance, ductility, as flexure strength and toughness. Mainly the studies and research in fiber reinforced concrete has been devoted to steel fibers. In recent times, glass fibres have also become available, which are free from corrosion problem associated with steel fibres. The present paper outlines the experimental investigation conducts on the use of glass fibres with structural concrete. CEM-FILL anti crack, high dispersion, alkali resistance glass fibre of diameter 14 micron, having an aspect ratio 857 was employed in percentages , varying from 0.33 to1 percentage by weight in concrete and the properties of this FRC (fibre reinforced concrete) like compressive strength, flexure strength, toughness, modulus of elasticity were studied.

Abstract
Over the ages as we have evolved, so has our engineering and researching skill sets. Even today, we are constantly innovating, researching and developing technology in pursuit of a sustainable future. Throughout this evolution, researches and engineers have found themselves in constant search for new and better materials to optimally manage the performance cost tradeoff in the construction sector. Many new raw materials have been discovered and many ground-breaking composite have been developed, of which not all but some have proved to be a phenomenal success. Carbon fiber is one of these materials, which is usually used in combination with other materials to form a composite. The properties of carbon fiber, such as high stiffness, high tensile strength, low weight, high chemical resistance, high temperature tolerance and low thermal expansion makes them one of the most popular material in civil engineering possessing strength up to five times that of steel and being one-third its weight, we might as well call it ‘the superhero’ of the material world.

Abstract
The aluminium element was discovered 200 years ago. After an initial period of technological development, aluminium alloys were used in many structural applications, including the civil engineering field. Aluminium is the second most widely specified metal in building after steel, and is used in all sectors from commercial building to domestic dwelling.

This paper contains complete overview of use of aluminium in building construction. How it is beneficial in modern age building construction. This paper also contains the properties, advantages. Some question arises that whether aluminium is sustainable, fabricated for fast track, requires maintenance, are explained in detail in this paper.

ABSTRACT
75% of the world’s energy is consumed in cities. 40% of the world’s energy is consumed in buildings. The most interesting potential for CO2-reduction in cities from an economical point of view lays in the modernization of the building’s infrastructure. Making existing and new buildings to Green Buildings is one of the most effective levers to meet the challenges of CO2 reduction in cities. The objective of the presentation is to give a short overview of the frame conditions, the existing labels and – most important – show success stories.


“Sustainable building” is the design and construction of buildings using methods and materials that are resource efficient and that will not compromise the health of the environment or the associated health and well-being of the building’s occupants, construction workers, the general public, or future generations. Sustainable building involves the consideration of many issues, including land use, site impacts, indoor environment, energy and water use, solid waste, and lifecycle impacts of building materials.

For example, when you choose an appropriate grade of glass for the façade — there may be a cheaper product in the market — it can help you save on the power you need for air- conditioning. Builders are interested in a return on investments of less than five years and if it is an owner-occupied building they go the extra mile and are willing to wait up to 10 years. For higher levels of conformity to green building standards, the cost, as compared to conventional buildings, could be up by 3-5 per cent for gold rating and 7-10 per cent for a platinum rating. A case study of LEED-INDIA NC Ver.1.0 certified Gold Construction of the Tamil Nadu Legislative assembly building is given to showcase the importance and for better understanding.

Abstract:- Bridge construction today has achieved a worldwide level of importance. Bridges are the key elements in any road network Use of box girder is gaining popularity in bridge engineering fraternity because of its better stability, serviceability, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural efficiency. The structural behavior of box girder is complicated, which is difficult to analyze in its actual conditions by conventional methods. In present study a two lane simply supported Box Girder Bridge made up of prestressed concrete which is analysis for moving loads as per Indian Road Congress (IRC:6) recommendations, Prestressed Code (IS: 1343) and also as per IRC: 18 specifications. The analyzed of box girder using SAP 2000 14 Bridge Wizard and prestressed with parabolic tendons in which utilize full section. The various span/ depth ratio considered to get the proportioning depth at which stresses criteria and deflection criteria get satisfied.